{"id":47,"date":"2009-12-03T22:36:10","date_gmt":"2009-12-03T20:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/?p=47"},"modified":"2011-04-10T23:11:22","modified_gmt":"2011-04-10T20:11:22","slug":"degisen-internet-ve-korsan-partisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/?p=47","title":{"rendered":"De\u011fi\u015fen \u0130nternet ve Korsan Partisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/strong>ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ARPA Net projesinin devam\u0131 olan \u0130nternet’in, bizim \u201cE\u015fit ve \u00d6zg\u00fcr Bir D\u00fcnya\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcze yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini biliyoruz. Bug\u00fcn olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler olan Facebook ve Youtube benzeri web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201caman gen\u00e7ler Devrim yaps\u0131n\u201d diye geli\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini de biliyoruz. Fakat buna ra\u011fmen \u0130nternet’i ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 iyi\/k\u00f6t\u00fc, yararl\u0131\/zararl\u0131 ekseninde tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 seviyoruz.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z \u0130nternet’in ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n olumlu y\u00f6nlerini listeleyip onda yeni cevherler ke\u015ffedebiliyor. Bizde olmayan (\u00f6r. demokrasi) ya da pek memnun kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z (\u00f6r. devlet) olgular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na bir e- ekledi\u011fimizde bunlar\u0131n e-‘siz hallerinin de\u011fi\u015fip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Kimimiz de tam tersine, \u0130nternet \u00f6ncesindeki teknolojik devrimlerin topluma ne getirdi\u011fini ve insano\u011flunun ya\u015fam\u0131na ne katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulay\u0131p k\u00f6t\u00fcmser bir tablo ortaya koyabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Ancak, \u0130nternet’in iyili\u011fi\/k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yarar\u0131\/zarar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isteyenleri bir ad\u0131m \u00f6teye g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130nternet, iyi\/k\u00f6t\u00fc, yararl\u0131\/zararl\u0131 ikilemlerinin \u00f6tesinde, \u00f6znenin amac\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak VAR ve \u0130nternet’in kendisi, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadan ve onun \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinden muaf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi kendi i\u00e7sel dinamikleriyle\/\u00e7eli\u015fkileriyle s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fiyor, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.
\nDolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu yaz\u0131da ilk ad\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z \u201cgideni ve gelmekte olan\u0131\u201d anlamak, \u0130nternet’in son on y\u0131ldaki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmek olacak. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer alan benzer iki olay, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.
\n\u0130kinci ad\u0131mda ise \u00f6nce \u0130sve\u00e7’te kurulan ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede di\u011fer \u00fclkelere yay\u0131lan \u201cKorsan Parti\u201dsini tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Korsan Partisi olgusu, \u0130nternet’i yaln\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bir arac\u0131 de\u011fil,s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin bizzat i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi bir alan olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor. Art\u0131k sorgulanmayan, \u00f6ncesiz olarak kabul edilen \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet kavram\u0131, fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda duruyor.<\/p>\n

Anlamak Gideni ve Gelmekte Olan\u0131<\/strong>
\nFrans\u0131z Yasalar\u0131 ABD’de Ge\u00e7erli mi?[1] <\/strong>
\nMarc Knobel, Paris’te oturan bir Frans\u0131z Yahudisi’dir. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 neo-nazizm ile m\u00fccadeleye adam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda, \u0130nternet’teki Nazi sitelerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve ilgili sitenin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7abalar. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n \u015eubat ay\u0131nda, Naziler’e ait malzemelerin (\u00fczerinde gamal\u0131 ha\u00e7 bulunan kol bantlar\u0131, SS kamalar\u0131, toplama kamp\u0131 foto\u011fraflar\u0131 ve hatta kamplarda kullan\u0131lan Zyklon-B gazlar\u0131na ait metal par\u00e7alar) sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131k artt\u0131rma sitesi fark eder. Site, Yahoo’nun sunucular\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Knobel, hemen harekete ge\u00e7er ve Yahoo’dan , Frans\u0131z yasalar\u0131 gere\u011fince, sitenin yay\u0131n\u0131na son verilmesini talep eder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc site, Fransa’dan da takip edilebilmektedir ve Nazi propagandas\u0131 yapmak Frans\u0131z yasalar\u0131nca yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Knobel asl\u0131nda kendinden emindir. \u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nce benzer bir yaz\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 America Online (AOL) \u015firketi ile yapm\u0131\u015f ve Nazi sitelerinin AOL sunucular\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Knobel, halkla ili\u015fkiler konusunda olduk\u00e7a hassas olan AOL gibi Yahoo’dan da benzer bir hassasiyet beklemektedir. Fakat olaylar bekledi\u011fi gibi geli\u015fmez. O zamanlar alt\u0131n d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fayan Yahoo, bu Frans\u0131z aktivistin talebeni umursamaz bile. Bunun \u00fczerine Knobel sorunu, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalara dayanarak Frans\u0131z mahkemelerine ta\u015f\u0131r. Knobel’in avukat\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131 \u015fudur:<\/p>\n

Bu tarz siteler ABD kanunlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yasal olabilir. Ancak site i\u00e7eri\u011fi, Fransa s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anda buran\u0131n yasalar\u0131na uymak zorundad\u0131r. \u0130nternet’in her \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi iddias\u0131nda olanlar vard\u0131r. Ama \u0130nternet, Frans\u0131z yasalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmemi\u015ftir. Frans\u0131z yasalar\u0131, gazetede, radyoda ya da televizyonda Nazi propagandas\u0131na izin vermemektedir. \u0130nternet’in de bu ba\u011flamda bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.<\/em><\/p>\n

S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n hala varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011funu iddia eden Knobel’in avukat\u0131n\u0131n aksine Yahoo da savunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nternet’in s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z oldu\u011fu tezi \u00fczerine kurmay\u0131 tercih eder. Yahoo, \u201cABD’de yer alan bir siteye, Frans\u0131z, Alman ya ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkenin yasalar\u0131na dayanarak m\u00fcdahale edilemez\u201d der. Yahoo’nun patronu Jerry Yang, sadece Fransa’dan biri istiyor diye sitelerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyeceklerini vurgular.<\/p>\n

2000 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Yahoo davay\u0131 kaybeder. Yahoo, bu sonuca ra\u011fmen Frans\u0131z mahkemelerinin bu karar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eder.
\nAncak, 2 Ocak 2001’de Yahoo aniden geri ad\u0131m atar. Siteyi yay\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve bundan sonra kin ve nefret i\u00e7erikli sitelere sunucular\u0131nda yer vermeyece\u011fini duyurur. Bu kararlar\u0131nda, Avrupa ile olan yo\u011fun ticari ili\u015fkilerinin etkili oldu\u011funa dair s\u00f6ylentiler vard\u0131r. Onlar ise kararlar\u0131n\u0131n davayla ilgisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kararlar\u0131nda toplumun genelinin bu tarz sitelere tepkisinin etkili oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n

Yahoo, 2002 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131nda \u00c7in H\u00fckumeti ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmayla, \u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00c7in yasalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hizmet vermeye ba\u015flar. Bir zamanlar\u0131n ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc savunucusu Yahoo, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda S\u0131n\u0131r Tan\u0131mayan Gazeteciler taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u00c7in Polisi’nin Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131\u201d olarak nitelendirilir. Art\u0131k Yahoo \u00c7in vatanda\u015flar\u0131na sans\u00fcrl\u00fc sayfalar sunmakla kalmamakta, sohbet odalar\u0131n\u0131n ya da sunucular\u0131nda yer alan e-postalar\u0131n i\u00e7eriklerini \u00c7in H\u00fckumeti’nin hizmetine sunmaktad\u0131r…
\nYahoo’nun patronu Jerry Yang bu durumdan ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. Ard\u0131ndan da \u00c7in’de ya da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerinde i\u015f yapmak istiyorlarsa yerel kanunlara uymalar\u0131 gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izer.<\/p>\n

ABD Yasalar\u0131 \u0130sve\u00e7’te ge\u00e7erli mi? <\/strong>
\nKnobel ve avukatlar\u0131, kapitalist sistem i\u00e7in ikincil \u00f6nemde olan \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k konusunda Yahoo’ya kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131 davay\u0131 kazan\u0131rlar. Tabi bunda Avrupa’n\u0131n Nazi kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tarihsel miras\u0131n\u0131n da katk\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u015eimdi rolleri tersine \u00e7evirelim, \u201csu\u00e7lu\u201d \u201cs\u0131radan insan\u201dlar olsun, ma\u011fdur da kapitalist sistemin devleri. \u201cSu\u00e7\u201d da en a\u011f\u0131r\u0131 olsun: \u00d6zel m\u00fclkiyete dokunmak. Ku\u015fkusuz b\u00f6yle bir durumda kapitalizmin sinir sistemi daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Nitekim \u00f6yle de olur..
\n\u0130nternet’e eri\u015febilenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek ba\u011flant\u0131 h\u0131z\u0131 fikri m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u201csald\u0131r\u0131\u201dlar\u0131 da artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Herhangi bir m\u00fczik eserinin ya da filmin kopyalan\u0131p payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u0130nternet \u00f6ncesinde de vard\u0131. Bir kaseti \u00e7ektikten sonra arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131zla payla\u015fabilirdiniz. Tabi bu durum o zaman da yasal de\u011fildi. Ancak m\u00fczik ve film yap\u0131m \u015firketleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu ihlaller ihmal edilebilir oranlardayd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc herhangi bir korsan esere sahip olma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet’in fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131na ilk darbesi, payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak oldu. 1978’de geli\u015ftirilen BBS (Bulletin Board System \u2013 \u0130lan Panosu Sistemi) ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc korsan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn de olu\u015fum s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131. BBS, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda ikamet eden kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 (e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olmasa da) ayn\u0131 yerde toplayabilen bir sistemdi. BBS’e ba\u011flanan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, panoya mesaj b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda, BBS \u00fczerinde bir araya gelen yaz\u0131l\u0131m korsanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 1986 y\u0131l\u0131nda BBS gruplar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir araya gelen korsanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 20000’den fazlayd\u0131. 1990lar\u0131n ortas\u0131na do\u011fru payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 50000’i a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 [2].<\/p>\n

1990lar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda ise \u0130nternet’in yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla BBS’nin korsanlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 okyanuslara, yeni gemileriyle beraber a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. MP3 format\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fczik payla\u015f\u0131m format\u0131 olarak yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve 90lar\u0131n korsan hareketine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran Napster’in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131mc\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 milyonlara \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Birbiriyle ileti\u015fim halinde milyonlarca korsan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, m\u00fczik ve film end\u00fcstrisini rahats\u0131z etti ve Napster, Amerikan Kay\u0131t End\u00fcstrisi Derne\u011fi’nin ( Recording Industry Association of America-RIAA) 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 davay\u0131 kaybederek kapand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Film ve m\u00fczik end\u00fcstrisi, yaz\u0131l\u0131m firmalar\u0131 telif haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edenleri s\u00fcrekli olarak h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla su\u00e7luyor ve bu ki\u015fileri kamuoyuna korsan diye tan\u0131t\u0131yordu. Napster’in davay\u0131 kaybederek kapanmas\u0131, milyonlarca \u201csu\u00e7lu\u201dyu bir anda \u201cm\u00fclkiyete sayg\u0131l\u0131\u201d vatanda\u015flara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcremezdi. Milyonlarca gencin toplumsal prati\u011fi ve bu pratik i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan bilin\u00e7leri herhangi bir m\u00fczik\/film eserinin kopyalanmas\u0131nda ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131nda bir yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k g\u00f6rm\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7’te kurulan Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu’nun (Piratbyr\u00e5n), \u201cEvet, biz sizin bizi tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi korsan\u0131z\u201d diyerek ba\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 duran m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerini sorgulamaya\/sorgulatmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ezberleri bozdu. Kendilerini klasik bir \u00f6rg\u00fctten \u00e7ok, \u201cs\u00fcregiden bir ileti\u015fim\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayan Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu, amac\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015fta, telif haklar\u0131, enformasyon altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve say\u0131sal k\u00fclt\u00fcr hakk\u0131nda sorular sormak oldu\u011funu belirtiyordu. Bu do\u011frultuda, hem \u0130sve\u00e7’te hem de uluslararas\u0131 alanda faaliyet g\u00f6steriliyordu. Bilgilendirme toplant\u0131lar\u0131, sokak g\u00f6sterileri, propaganda faaliyetleri ve kampanyalar d\u00fczenleniyor, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki aktivistlerle bir araya gelinip ortak m\u00fccadeleler \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyordu. Korsanl\u0131k art\u0131k \u0130nternet’ten film\/m\u00fczik indirmeyi a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu taraf\u0131ndan kurulan The Pirate Bay (Korsan K\u00f6rfezi) ise Napster sonras\u0131 korsan hareketinin en \u00f6nemli sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. The Pirate Bay 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu’ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir site oldu, fakat Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korudu. Teknolojik olarak, Bittorent teknolojisi ile Napster ve benzeri programlardaki teknik k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131klar a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bittorent ile b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bile \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 hale gelmi\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca The Pirate Bay, sunucular\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fe yer vermiyordu. Ancak milyonlarca korsan\u0131n bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u0130nternet \u00f6ncesi korsanl\u0131k potansiyeli sadece arkada\u015f \u00e7evresi ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131 [3]. Ancak \u015fimdi Pirate Bay kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 torrent teknolojisiyle birbirlerinin bilgisayar\u0131na eri\u015fip \u201cyolda\u015f\u201dlar\u0131n bilgisayar\u0131ndan dosya indirebiliyordu. Bu sefer m\u00fczik ve film end\u00fcstrisi The Pirate Bay’e mektuplar yaz\u0131p fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden i\u00e7eriklerin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle gerekli \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. The Pirate Bay ise bu taleplere \u201csinir bozucu\u201d yan\u0131tlar veriyor ve daha sonra bu yan\u0131tlar\u0131 web sitesinden yan\u0131tlayarak \u015firketleri \u00e7\u0131ld\u0131rt\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin [4]:<\/p>\n

\u2022\tDreamweaver’a: <\/strong>Fark\u0131ndas\u0131n\u0131z ya da de\u011filsiniz, ama \u0130sve\u00e7, Birle\u015fik Devletler’in bir eyaleti de\u011fildir. \u0130sve\u00e7, Kuzey Avrupa’da bir \u00fclkedir ve ABD kanunlar\u0131 bu \u00fclkede ge\u00e7mez. The Pirate Bay, \u0130sve\u00e7 kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u2022\tWarner Bross’a: <\/strong>Milyonlarca insan\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hizmeti siz istiyorsunuz diye neden durdural\u0131m?<\/p>\n

\u2022\tWarner Music’e: <\/strong>Bilginiz olsun, \u015fu an tuvalet ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131m var. Mahkeme tebligatlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in biraz bekleyebilirsiniz.
\nFakat m\u00fczik ve film end\u00fcstrisinin The Pirate Bay’e yan\u0131t\u0131 sert oldu. The Pirate Bay ve Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu, kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri ABD’nin ve film \u015firketlerinin katk\u0131s\u0131yla polis bask\u0131n\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131lar. Ortal\u0131kta dola\u015fan bir s\u00f6ylentiye g\u00f6re, bask\u0131nda \u0130sve\u00e7 h\u00fckumetinin de katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’de biz b\u00f6yle durumlara al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n olsak da bu \u0130sve\u00e7 yasalar\u0131n\u0131n ihlaliydi. \u0130sve\u00e7 polisi, The Pirate Bay’e ve Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu’na ait sunuculara el koydu ve The Pirate Bay ile ilgili 3 ki\u015fiyi g\u00f6zalt\u0131na ald\u0131. Tabi burada ufak bir not d\u00fc\u015felim, bask\u0131n\u0131n yasal zemini \u0130sve\u00e7’in sosyal-demokrat h\u00fckumetinin bir gecede, \u0130nternet’ten telif haklar\u0131na tabi olan materyalin indirilmesini yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan eden bir yasa \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturuldu.
\n2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda, The Pirate Bay’in d\u00f6rt \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 1y\u0131l hapis ve film ve m\u00fczik \u015firketlerinin zarar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere toplam 3.6 milyon dolar para cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi iki olaya tekrar bakal\u0131m.
\nAsl\u0131nda hem The Pirate Bay\/Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu hem de Yahoo s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z bir \u0130nternet’ten bahsediyordu. Yahoo, Frans\u0131z kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n ABD’de de ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylerken, The Pirate Bay ABD kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sve\u00e7’te ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu. Her ikisi de haklar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davay\u0131 kaybettiler. The Pirate Bay\/ Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu, kapitalizmin en hassas noktas\u0131na dokundu\u011fundan \u00e7ok daha sert bir m\u00fcdahaleye maruz kald\u0131. Ancak her iki dava sonucu da \u0130nternet’teki yeni d\u00f6nemin ilan\u0131yd\u0131: Eski \u00f6zg\u00fcr g\u00fcnler sona ermi\u015f ve \u0130nternet h\u0131zla devletlerin ve \u015firketlerin kontrol\u00fcne girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nBunu k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede fark eden Yahoo, davay\u0131 kaybettikten sonra i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi devletlerle uzla\u015fma yoluna girdi ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylemini terk ederek kapitalist sisteme daha yo\u011fun entegre oldu.<\/p>\n

The Pirate Bay\/ Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu’nun dava s\u00fcreci ise korsanlar\u0131n siyasalla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ve Korsan Partisi \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. Korsanlar, sisteme teslim olmak yerine m\u00fccadelelerini siyasal alana ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Korsan Partisi<\/strong>
\nPolis bask\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, The Pirate Bay sunucular\u0131n\u0131 Hollanda’ya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131 ve oradan hizmet vermeye devam etti. Ancak bask\u0131n sonras\u0131 The Pirate Bay’e \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir kamuoyu deste\u011fi oldu; polis bask\u0131n\u0131 sokak g\u00f6sterileriyle protesto edildi. Elbette ki insanlar bir anda sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclmediler. Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu’nun etkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, film ve m\u00fczik end\u00fcstrisinin \u201ch\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k\u201d \u00fczerine kurulu propagandas\u0131n\u0131 da etkisiz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Korsanlar, Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu \u00fczerinden kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi. Proudhon’un kulaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131nlat\u0131rcas\u0131na ger\u00e7ek h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130nternet’ten dosya indirmek de\u011fil, bizzat telif ve patent sisteminin kendisi oldu\u011funu ima ediyorlard\u0131.
\n1 Ocak 2006’da kurulan Korsan Partisi, Eyl\u00fcl 2006’da d\u00fczenlenen \u0130sve\u00e7 Parlamentosu se\u00e7imlerinde %0,68’lik oy oran\u0131yla parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalsa da, parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131 partiler aras\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olmu\u015ftu. Partinin 9 ay i\u00e7inde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu ba\u015far\u0131da \u0130sve\u00e7 polisinin bask\u0131n\u0131n katk\u0131s\u0131 inkar edilemezdi. \u00dcye say\u0131s\u0131 2008 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda Ye\u015filler’i ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Nisan 2009’da, The Pirate Bay davas\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan (yani kaybedilmesinden) 7 saat sonra 3000 yeni \u00fcye kazand\u0131. Bir hafta sonra \u00fcye say\u0131s\u0131 40000’i (mahkeme \u00f6ncesinde 15000’di) bulmu\u015ftu. \u015eimdi 50000’den fazla \u00fcyesiyle, Sol Parti’den, Liberal Parti’den, Hristiyan Demokratlar’dan ve Merkez Parti’den daha fazla \u00fcyeye sahip ve \u0130sve\u00e7’in en fazla \u00fcyeye sahip \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc partisi. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Avrupa Parlamentosu se\u00e7imlerinde \u0130sve\u00e7’teki oylar\u0131n %7,13’\u00fcn\u00fc alarak Avrupa Parlamento’sunda sandalye sahibi oldu\u011funda art\u0131k t\u00fcm g\u00f6zler Avrupa’da dola\u015fan bu hayalete \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Korsan Partisi’nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc Korsanl\u0131k B\u00fcrosu, ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri hem ulusal hem de uluslararas\u0131 alanda faaliyet g\u00f6stermekteydi. Bug\u00fcn 12 \u00fclkede resmi olarak Korsan Partisi var. T\u00fcrkiye’nin de (http:\/\/korsanpartisi.org\/) dahil oldu\u011fu 20’den fazla \u00fclkede b\u00f6yle bir partinin kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimler var. \u0130sve\u00e7 Korsan Partisi’nden sonra Alman Korsan Partisi de se\u00e7imlerde kayda de\u011fer bir ba\u015far\u0131 elde etti.<\/p>\n

Film ve m\u00fczik end\u00fcstrisinin ya da yaz\u0131l\u0131m tekellerinin korsanlar\u0131 kamuoyuna nas\u0131l tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gayet iyi biliyoruz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki karikat\u00fcr, bunu gayet iyi \u00f6zetliyor. Ancak, Korsan Partisi ve yanda\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yap\u0131labilecek belki de en yanl\u0131\u015f \u015fey, onlar\u0131 bedavac\u0131lar s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc olarak tan\u0131mlamak olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Parti’nin 3 temel talebi vard\u0131r:
\n1.\tAdaletsiz ve tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan telif haklar\u0131 yasalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden ele al\u0131narak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir
\n2.\tPatent sistemi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n3.\tKi\u015filik haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131 olunmal\u0131, \u00f6zel hayata m\u00fcdahale edilmemelidir.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Korsan Partisi, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn telif haklar\u0131 sisteminin yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rmaktan \u00e7ok toplumsal dengesizliklere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik edece\u011fim diye, toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ifadelerden ve bilgiden faydalanmas\u0131 engellenmektedir. Yasalar sadece ticari ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lan kopyalamay\u0131 engellemelidir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan, herhangi bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kopyalanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen DRM (Say\u0131sal Haklar Y\u00f6netimi) gibi teknolojilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine ve bilgiye eri\u015fim t\u00fcm topluma a\u00e7\u0131k olmal\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve bilginin payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 toplumun demokratikle\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Korsan Partisi, telif haklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 talep ederken, patentler konusunda ise son derece uzla\u015fmazd\u0131r: Patent sistemi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Korsan Partisi’ne g\u00f6re, patentler topluma \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl zararlar vermektedir. Patentler, genel s\u00f6ylemin aksine yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fvik etmekten \u00e7ok tekellerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmalar\u0131 oyun alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130la\u00e7 tekelleri insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atmaktad\u0131r. Patentler a\u015famal\u0131 olarak kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Korsan Partisi’nin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc talebi ise bizim gibi telekulak skandallar\u0131yla \u00e7alkalanan bir \u00fclke i\u00e7in daha anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. H\u00fckumetler, s\u00fcrekli bir ter\u00f6r ortam\u0131 yarat\u0131p insanlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya son vermelidir. H\u00fckumetler, vatanda\u015flar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, adalet ve demokrasi sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve demokrasi s\u00f6zde de\u011fil, pratikte uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. E-postalara, SMSlere ve di\u011fer ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi yasaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar, ancak ve ancak kesin bir \u015f\u00fcphe oldu\u011funda \u00e7i\u011fnenebilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Elde somut bir kan\u0131t ya da son derece tehlikeli bir durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece i\u015fverenler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n, h\u00fckumetler vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ileti\u015fim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine m\u00fcdahale edememelidir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 Yerine<\/strong>
\nYahoo ya da The Pirate Bay davalar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan, yerel h\u00fckumetlerin \u0130nternet’e m\u00fcdahalesi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in pek yabanc\u0131 de\u011fil. \u0130nternet kimi zaman a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7ik olarak, kimi zaman da gizli olarak sans\u00fcrleniyor [6]. \u0130nternet’te yeni bir d\u00f6neme girildi\u011fi, bu tarz m\u00fcdahalelerin artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek zor de\u011fil.
\nAyr\u0131ca, film ve m\u00fczik \u015firketlerinin son y\u0131llarda korsana kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da medyadan takip etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenleniyor. Polis \u015fefleri, bask\u0131nlarda kendilerine e\u015flik etmeyen sanat\u00e7\u0131lara k\u0131zabiliyor. Bu konuda duyarl\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131m\u0131z \u015eafak Sezer, onurlu hayat dersi veriyor polis \u015fefi’nin yan\u0131nda [7]:<\/p>\n

”Onurlu bir hayat s\u00fcrmelerini istiyorum. Daha onurlu bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fas\u0131nlar. Onlar\u0131n da belki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 var, onlar\u0131n da aileleri var. Daha onurlu para kazans\u0131nlar. \u0130nsanlar bu CD’leri al\u0131yor, ama bu paralar ba\u015fka bir tarafa gidiyor. Yak\u0131nda zaten emniyet m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz Celalettin Cerrah a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 yapar. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z CD’lerin belki de size silah olarak geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini bilmiyorsunuz. Bu para ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte gidiyor”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u0130nternet de\u011fi\u015fip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, \u0130nternet’i sadece bir m\u00fccadele arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmemeli, Korsan Partisi’nin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi onu bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lamal\u0131y\u0131z. Yoksa o ara\u00e7 da yak\u0131nda tamamen elimizden gidebilir. Art\u0131k \u201cbizim\u201d de bir \u015fey yapmam\u0131z gerekiyor. \u0130nternet’e \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hareketinin, \u201cyoutube\u201dun ve di\u011fer sitelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenledi\u011fi protestolar zay\u0131f kal\u0131yor. M\u00fccadelenin, halk\u0131n enformasyona ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikime, e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda geni\u015fletilmesi ve toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Korsan Partisi’nin \u0130nternet alan\u0131nda, kral\u0131n (kapitalizmin) \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ortaya koyan s\u00f6ylemi ve prati\u011fi \u00f6nemli dersler i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

Bu do\u011frultuda, Korsan Partisi’nin \u00fc\u00e7 temel talebinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n

\u2022\tAdaletsiz ve tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan telif haklar\u0131 yasalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden ele al\u0131narak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi
\n\u2022\tPatent sistemi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
\n\u2022\tKi\u015filik haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131 olunmas\u0131
\nSolduyumuz elbette \u015eafak Sezer gibilerin de\u011fil, Korsan Partisi’nin saf\u0131nda olmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ama inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olabilmemiz i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilere benzer sorulara da haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z:
\n\u2022\tTelif haklar\u0131 sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in gerekli mi?
\n\u2022\tTelif haklar\u0131 olmazsa, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar a\u00e7 kalmaz m\u0131?
\n\u2022\tKorsan yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u0131? \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u0131?
\n\u2022\tPatent sistemi innovasyonu artt\u0131r\u0131yor mu?
\n\u2022\tTer\u00f6rizm, \u00e7ocuk pornosu, uyu\u015fturucu ticareti vb. su\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 ki\u015filik haklar\u0131 ihlal edilebilir mi?
\n\u2022\tBen yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fler yapm\u0131yorum, neden izlenmekten korkay\u0131m ki?<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong>
\n[1] GOLDSMITH, J. , WU T.(2006), Who Controls the Internet? Illusions of a Borderless World, Oxford University Press, p. 1-13
\n[2] Li, M. (2009), The Pirate Party and the Pirate Bay: How the Pirate Bay Influences Sweden and International Copyright Relations, 21 Pace International Law Review 281
\n[3] Wikipedia, The Pirate Bay, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pirate_bay son eri\u015fim 29 Kas\u0131m 2009
\n[4] The Pirate Bay, http:\/\/thepiratebay.org\/legal son eri\u015fim 30 Kas\u0131m 2009
\n[5] Wikipedia, Pirate Party International, http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pirate_Party_International son eri\u015fim 29 Kas\u0131m 2009
\n[6] Bianet, T\u00fcrk Telekom’dan Birg\u00fcn’e Sans\u00fcr, http:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/ifade-ozgurlugu\/103135-turk-telekomdan-birgune-sansur son eri\u015fim 30 Kas\u0131m 2009
\n[7] http:\/\/www.porttakal.com\/haber-sanatcilar-cerrah-i-kizdirdi-315347.html son eri\u015fim 30 Kas\u0131m 2009<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ABD Savunma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ARPA Net projesinin devam\u0131 olan \u0130nternet’in, bizim \u201cE\u015fit ve \u00d6zg\u00fcr Bir D\u00fcnya\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcze yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini biliyoruz. Bug\u00fcn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,14],"tags":[16,15,17],"class_list":["post-47","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fikri-mulkiyet","category-mahremiyet","tag-fikri-mulkiyet-2","tag-korsan-partisi","tag-ozel-hayat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47\/revisions\/66"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}