\n21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri dijital teknolojilerin g\u00fcndelik\nya\u015fama etkilerini, olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\ntart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Dijitalle\u015fme ya\u015fam\u0131n her bir alan\u0131n\u0131 etkiliyor\nama eski kurumlar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da ortadan kald\u0131rarak\nyerine dijitalini koymak her zaman o kadar kolay olmuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin\nyeni dijital teknolojiler uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma\nolanaklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eirketler, son y\u0131llarda bunun \u00fczerinde\ndaha \u00e7ok duruyorlar. Bir s\u00fcredir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerindeki\ni\u015fverenleri ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri bir araya getiren dijital platformlar\nucuz, esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu gibi\nplatformlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015firket \u00e7e\u015fitli denemelerle\nuzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.\nBa\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olurlarsa ofisleri kapatarak veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek tasarruf\nsa\u011flamak; ama daha \u00f6nemlisi g\u00fcvencesiz ve esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma\nko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 dayatmak daha kolay olacak. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n her\nhareketini uzaktan izleyebilmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilen teknolojiler her\nge\u00e7en g\u00fcn \u015firketlerin planlar\u0131n\u0131 daha uygulanabilir hale\ngetiriyor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\nUzaktan e\u011fitimde ise i\u015fler biraz daha zor. \u015eirketler ve\n\u00fcniversiteler, y\u0131llard\u0131r webde e\u011fitimler d\u00fczenliyor ve bu\ne\u011fitimleri tamlayanlara sertifikalar veriyorlar. \u00d6\u011fretmen ve\n\u00f6\u011frenci aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fimi g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren teknolojilerle\nberaber uzaktan e\u011fitimin olanaklar\u0131 da art\u0131yor. \u00dcniversite\nsonras\u0131, “\u00f6m\u00fcr boyu e\u011fitim” hedefiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen\nve insanlar\u0131n kendilerini geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan\ne\u011fitimlere kimsenin itiraz\u0131 yok. T\u00fcrkiye’nin ve hatta d\u00fcnyan\u0131n\n\u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversitelerinde ders veren \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinin\nderslerine kat\u0131labilmek e\u015fsiz bir f\u0131rsat. Peki uzaktan e\u011fitim,\ns\u0131n\u0131flardaki y\u00fcz y\u00fcze e\u011fitimin yerini alabilir mi? Bunun i\u00e7in\n\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde daha uzun bir yol var. YZ (yapay zeka) ve sanal\nger\u00e7eklik, uzaktan e\u011fitimi daha etkili ve verimli yapabilir. Ama\nokul ve \u00fcniversite, al\u0131nan ve ge\u00e7ilen derslerden \u00e7ok daha\nfazlas\u0131…<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nDaha bir ka\u00e7 ay \u00f6ncesine kadar bu nedenlerden dolay\u0131 uzaktan\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz haz\u0131r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve uzaktan e\u011fitimin\n\u00f6rg\u00fcn e\u011fitimin yerini alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (ve almamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini)\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordum. Fakat COVID-19 sonras\u0131nda masa ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\nve \u00f6\u011frenciler belirsiz bir s\u00fcre evlerine kapand\u0131klar\u0131nda ba\u015fka\nbir se\u00e7ene\u011fimiz yoktu. Haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. \u0130\u015f\ntoplant\u0131lar\u0131 internete ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131; \u00f6\u011fretmenler \u00e7e\u015fitli dijital\nteknolojilerle \u00f6\u011frencilere ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Bu\nuygulamalar\u0131n ne kadar ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini bilemiyorum ama\n\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki aylarda uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar h\u0131z kazanacak, daha etkili teknolojik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler\ngeli\u015ftirilecektir. COVID-19 sonras\u0131 h\u0131z kazanan dijitalle\u015fme\nuzaktan e\u011fitim ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile de s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131. E-ticaret\nal\u0131\u015f veri\u015flerinin yan\u0131nda sosyal medya siteleri, Whatsapp ve\nTelegram’daki enformasyon trafi\u011fi de artt\u0131. Okano-Heijmans’a g\u00f6re\nCOVID-19’un \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve etkileri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir\naya\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hep dijital d\u00fcnyadayd\u0131 ve tarihin ilk dijital\npandemisiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131k (\nhttps:\/\/www.clingendael.org\/publication\/coronavirus-worlds-first-digital-pandemic<\/a>).\nKyoto \u00dcniversitesi’nden Makoto Yokozawa’ya g\u00f6re daha s\u00fcrecin en\nba\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, COVID-19 vakalar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki haberlerin\ndijital ortamlarda yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131na\nkatk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftu . H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin vir\u00fcsle m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in\ndijital teknolojilere ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 mahremiyet ve g\u00f6zetim\ntart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 da beraberinde getirdi. Daha en ba\u015ftan Asya\n\u00fclkeleri dijital takip cihazlar\u0131yla salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131\nkontrol alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ilk ba\u015fta\nmahremiyet hakk\u0131nda daha hassas davrand\u0131lar ve sosyal\nmesafelendirmeyi \u00f6n planda tuttular. Felaketin boyutu art\u0131k\u00e7a\nk\u00fcresel bir salg\u0131nda mahremiyetin ne kadar korunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve\nkorunabilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Son zamanlarda ise en\naz\u0131ndan 2021 ortalar\u0131na kadar bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olanakl\u0131\nolmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00f6zetim devletinin ve otoriter\ny\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yeni norm olaca\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z\nediliyor. Bu nedenle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u00f6nce\nGPS verileriyle vir\u00fcsl\u00fc ki\u015finin di\u011fer insanlarla temas halinde\nolup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemeyi denediler. Daha sonra, GPS verilerinin\nkonum belirlemedeki yetersizli\u011finden dolay\u0131, (kimi zaman\nkullan\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu olan!) mobil uygulamalarla salg\u0131n\u0131n\nyay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar; insanlar\u0131 belirli bir\ndo\u011frultuda hareket etmeleri i\u00e7in d\u00fcrtmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. B\u00f6ylece\nGeorge Orwell’in 1984’\u00fc bir kez daha g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nAncak COVID-19 \u00f6ncesinde de h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin her \u015feyi g\u00f6rmek ve\ntakip etmek istemeleri \u00c7in ve Kuzey Kore ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi.\nUla\u015f Ta\u015ftekin’in yaz\u0131s\u0131nda vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi “kapitalizmde\nhem ekonomik zor nedeniyle, hem de ekonomi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 zor kapsam\u0131nda\ng\u00f6zetim ve denetim ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n hali haz\u0131rda olduk\u00e7a \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc\nolmas\u0131 nedeniyle zaten \u00f6zg\u00fcr de\u011fildik”\n(https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2020\/04\/ozgur-muyduk-584173\/). Ak\u0131ll\u0131\ntelefonlar ve kapal\u0131 devre kameralar taraf\u0131ndan zaten s\u00fcrekli\ng\u00f6zetleniyorduk; sosyal medya payla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 didikleniyordu.\nG\u00f6zetimin kapsam\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn geni\u015fliyor ve derinle\u015fiyordu.\nFakat COVID-19’la h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve Cambridge Analytica\/Facebook\nskandal\u0131 sonras\u0131 imajlar\u0131 sars\u0131lan g\u00f6zetim kapitalizmi\n\u015firketleri, 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001 sonras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi daha c\u00fcretkar\nhareket edebilecekleri bir ortama kavu\u015ftular. COVID-19’la m\u00fccadele\ns\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e mahremiyet hakk\u0131 ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ihlalleri\nartacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nCOVID-19 sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 analiz ederken teknoloji \u015firketlerinin\nkrizdeki konumlan\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ve siyaset \u00fczerindeki etkilerine\nbakman\u0131n yararl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bir \u00e7ok sekt\u00f6r,\nCOVID-19\u2019la beraber zor g\u00fcnler ya\u015farken b\u00fcy\u00fck teknoloji\n\u015firketler hem kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 hem de prestijlerini art\u0131rd\u0131lar.\nKullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerini paraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren \u015firketlerin i\u015f\nmodelleri son y\u0131llarda s\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olmu\u015f ve\n\u015firketlerin faaliyetleri hem akademide hem de kamuoyunda daha \u00e7ok\nsorgulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eimdi daha iddial\u0131 projelerle\nkar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdalar!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nTeknoloji, COVID-19’a kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin olmazsa olmaz\u0131 durumunda.\nBug\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015fma b\u00fcy\u00fck veri ve YZ \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fsa da\notomatik kap\u0131lar gibi basit teknolojiler bile vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\nengellemede \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor\n(https:\/\/theconversation.com\/automatic-doors-the-simple-technology-that-could-help-stop-coronavirus-spreading-135420<\/a>).\n\u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funa ba\u015fvurmadan \u00f6nce\nyapabildikleri, hangi belirtilerin COVID-19’la ilgili oldu\u011funu\ng\u00f6steren \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i testler (\u00f6rne\u011fin\nhttps:\/\/covid-19.ontario.ca\/self-assessment\/<\/a>)\nhastanelerin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azaltabiliyor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nAyr\u0131ca teknoloji firmalar\u0131ndan amat\u00f6rlere bir \u00e7ok insan\nCOVID-19’a kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye katk\u0131da bulunuyor. Maske ve\neldivenlerden ventilat\u00f6rlere kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u0131bbi gere\u00e7lerin\ntemininde ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Koruyucu\ndonan\u0131mlar\u0131n kalitesini art\u0131rmak gibi daha \u00f6zel problemlerle\nilgilenmeleri, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m (test, \u00fcretim ve lojistik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\naltyap\u0131s\u0131) i\u00e7in mevcut yollardan yararlanmalar\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilen\ndonan\u0131m hakk\u0131nda en az\u0131ndan \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir anlay\u0131\u015fa sahip\nkullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n olmas\u0131 bu alandaki projelerin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\nalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nTeknoloji, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin salg\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde de kritik\nbir yere sahip. En ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri Singapur, G\u00fcney Kore ve \u00c7in,\nb\u00fcy\u00fck veri ve YZ’den yararlanarak salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol\nalt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde de durum pek\nfarkl\u0131 de\u011fil. Beyaz Saray, teknoloji \u015firketlerine, pandemiye kar\u015f\u0131\nne yapabileceklerini sorarken \u0130ngiltere Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Boris Johnson\nCOVID-19’la sava\u015fta teknoloji \u015firketlerini yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.\nB\u00f6ylece \u015firketler farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri ve sunabilecekleri\nkatk\u0131larla sahnedeki yerlerini ald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nBu s\u00fcre\u00e7te, teknolojiyi, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llar\u0131n g\u00f6zdesi b\u00fcy\u00fck\nveri ve YZ’yi, bir kurtar\u0131c\u0131 olarak g\u00f6ren\/g\u00f6steren haberlerin\nsay\u0131s\u0131 da artt\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi haberlere \u00e7ok s\u0131k rastlamaya\nba\u015flad\u0131k:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \n22 \u015eubat’ta Telegraph, YZ’nin coronavir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\n\u00f6nlemede etkili olabilece\u011fini yazd\u0131\n(https:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/technology\/2020\/02\/22\/ai-could-best-hope-fighting-next-coronavirus\/<\/a>).\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \n2 Mart’ta TNW, Alibaba’n\u0131n yeni YZ sisteminin coronavir\u00fcs\u00fc\nsaniyeler i\u00e7inde tespit edebildi\u011fini duyurdu\n(https:\/\/thenextweb.com\/neural\/2020\/03\/02\/alibabas-new-ai-system-can-detect-coronavirus-in-seconds-with-96-accuracy\/<\/a>).\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nSifted’de robotlardan YZ ila\u00e7lar\u0131na kadar coronavir\u00fcse kar\u015f\u0131\nm\u00fccadele eden startuplar tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\n(https:\/\/sifted.eu\/articles\/coronavirus-tech-startups-europe\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nYZ, pandemiyle m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olmakla beraber \u00e7ok\nfazla belirsizlik ve endi\u015fe verici konular da vard\u0131. \u00d6nce YZ’dan\nyararlan\u0131lan \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlara, daha sonra da tart\u0131\u015fma ve\nendi\u015felerin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere bakal\u0131m\n(https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-51851292<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nB\u00fcy\u00fck verinin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde Google, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n arama\nverileriyle grip salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f,\nilk ba\u015fta ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar almalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\narama al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle sonraki tahminleri o\nkadar isabetli olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Facebook da bir s\u00fcredir Harvard\n\u00dcniversitesi Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fak\u00fcltesi ve Tayvan’daki Ulusal Tsing\nHua \u00dcniversitesi ile beraber \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n hareketleri\nhakk\u0131ndaki anonimle\u015ftirilmi\u015f veriler ve y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc\npop\u00fclasyon yo\u011funlu\u011fu haritalar\u0131 ile vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131\ntahmin etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Sosyal a\u011f, insanlar\u0131 konu hakk\u0131nda\nnas\u0131l konu\u015ftu\u011funu anlamaya da yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nAncak sosyal a\u011flar, ayn\u0131 zamanda yalan haberlerin h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\nve kriz anlar\u0131nda toplumu yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilecek enformasyonla\ndolu yerler haline de gelebiliyor. Son y\u0131llarda sosyal medya\nkullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fla beraber yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin a\u011fda yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\nb\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi ve haberler\ninternette \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131labiliyor. Google, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131\noltalama sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar, komplo\nteorileri ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerden korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Google’da\nCOVID-19, arat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha bilgilendirici ve \u00f6zenli arama\nsonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Youtube, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ba\u015fta WHO olmak\n\u00fczere daha g\u00fcvenilir kaynaklara y\u00f6nlendiriyor\n(https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/the_media_today\/google-facebook-disinformation.php<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nSon zamanlarda YZ’nin kurtar\u0131c\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine neden olan\nba\u015fl\u0131ca alan ise ila\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131. Geli\u015fmi\u015f bilgisayarlar\nsatran\u00e7 ve go ustalar\u0131n\u0131 yendiler, veri y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131ndan\nyararlanarak y\u00fczleri ve sesleri alg\u0131lamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiler. \u015eimdi\nYZ’nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda COVID-19 ve gelecekteki pandemiler var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nYZ yard\u0131m\u0131yla ila\u00e7 geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi\nd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Exscientia adl\u0131 \u0130ngiliz start-up, geleneksel\ny\u00f6ntemlerle d\u00f6rt be\u015f y\u0131lda geli\u015ftirilebilecek bir ilac\u0131 YZ\nyard\u0131m\u0131yla 12 ayda geli\u015ftirmi\u015f. \u015eirketin CEO’su Prof Andrew\nHopkins, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki krizde YZ’n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde\nkullan\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nAncak Hopkins, YZ’nin yapabilecekleri hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olunmas\u0131\ngerekti\u011fini de ekliyor: “T\u00fcm bunlar en h\u0131zl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde 18-24\nay aras\u0131nda yap\u0131labilir.” \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fcretimin \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilmesi\nve gerekli t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik testlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.\nGoogle’\u0131n DeepMind adl\u0131 YZ \u015firketi ise AlphaFold adl\u0131 sistemini\nkullanarak vir\u00fcsle ili\u015fkili \u00e7ok say\u0131da proteinin yap\u0131 tahminini\nortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Hen\u00fcz deneysel olarak\ndo\u011frulanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen DeepMind, bunun bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n\nvir\u00fcs\u00fcn nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131\nolabilece\u011fini umuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nBu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fcten bir di\u011fer kurulu\u015f ise C3.ai,\nMicrosoft, Illinois \u00dcniversitesi, Berkeley, Princeton \u00dcniversitesi,\nChicago \u00dcniversitesi, MIT, Carnegie Mellon \u00dcniversitesi ve S\u00fcper\nHesaplama Uygulamalar\u0131 Ulusal Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan C3.ai\nDijital D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. \u0130\u015f, h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve toplumun dijital\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ilerletmeyi hedefleyen Enstit\u00fc, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde\ngelen bilim adamlar\u0131yla beraber YZ yard\u0131m\u0131yla toplumsal sorunlara\n\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ar\u0131yor. Enstit\u00fc’n\u00fcn ilk hedefi patojenlerin\nyay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmak i\u00e7in yeni yollar bulmak, yeni\ntedavilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rmak, yeni ila\u00e7lar\ntasarlamak ve halihaz\u0131rdaki ila\u00e7lar\u0131 ba\u015fka ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in uygun\nhale getirmek, klinik testlerini planlamak, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n evrimini\nkestirmek, m\u00fcdahaleleri de\u011ferlendirmek, halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\nstratejileri geli\u015ftirmek ve gelecekte bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klarla\nm\u00fccadele edebilmek i\u00e7in yeni yollar bulmak\n(https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/26\/science\/ai-versus-the-coronavirus.html<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nBir a\u015f\u0131 veya ila\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde uzun yollar olabilir. Ama bu\ns\u00fcrede robotlar\u0131n hastal\u0131k riskini azaltmak i\u00e7in\nkullan\u0131labilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 2014’te Ebola salg\u0131n\u0131\nd\u00f6neminde ABD’de robotlar\u0131n bir salg\u0131nda nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi\ng\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015f, ama salg\u0131n\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra\nilgili birimler konuya ilgisini kaybetmi\u015fti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\nbilgisayarla g\u00f6rme, bilgisayarlar\u0131n alg\u0131lama kapasitesinin artmas\u0131\nve YZ’nin daha “ak\u0131ll\u0131” olmas\u0131 sonucu robotlar\u0131n\nkullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in daha elveri\u015fli ko\u015fullar var. Robotlar, sa\u011fl\u0131k\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski azaltabilir, riskli ortamlar\u0131\ntemizleyebilirler\n(https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/science\/story\/2020-04-11\/overcoming-coronavirus-with-help-of-robots<\/a>).\nS\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcz ara\u00e7lar, karantina b\u00f6lgelerindeki g\u0131da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131\nyapabilirler\n(https:\/\/spectrum.ieee.org\/automaton\/transportation\/self-driving\/robot-vehicles-make-contactless-deliveries-amid-coronavirus-quarantine<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nYZ, ila\u00e7 ve a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak. Ama bunu\nsihirli bir de\u011fnekle de\u011fil, gerekli s\u00fcre\u00e7leri h\u0131zland\u0131rarak\nyapacak. Robotlar yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fta sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131\nolmak \u00fczere insanlar\u0131n vir\u00fcsle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma riskini azaltacak. \nAncak \u015fu anda daha \u00e7ok temas takibinin y\u00f6netimi \u00fczerinde\nyo\u011funla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nTemas takibiyle vir\u00fcs\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015filerin izi s\u00fcr\u00fclerek bu\nki\u015filerin temas etti\u011fi ki\u015filer bulunuyor ve gerekli \u00f6nlemler\nal\u0131n\u0131yor. Sean McDonald, temas takibinde iki \u00f6nemli noktaya dikkat\n\u00e7ekiyor\n(https:\/\/www.cigionline.org\/articles\/digital-response-outbreak-covid-19<\/a>).\nBirincisi temas takibinin olas\u0131l\u0131ksal modeller yerine pozitif test\ngibi kesin bilgilere dayanmas\u0131. \u0130kincisi ise do\u011frudan kurumsal bir\ntepkiye ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131. Aksi taktirde Uber vakas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi\nhedeflenenin \u00f6tesinde farkl\u0131 durumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. Uber,\nMeksika Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bir COVID-19 hastas\u0131n\u0131n Uber\nara\u00e7lar\u0131na bindi\u011fi bilgisini ald\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6nlem olarak bu\nyolcunun bindi\u011fi iki arac\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin ve bu s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin\nta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 240 yolcunun hesab\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya alm\u0131\u015f. Fakat Uber’in\nald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu \u00f6nlem toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in “iyi” gibi\ng\u00f6r\u00fcnse de bir di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131dan iki ki\u015finin bir test yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n\ni\u015finden olmas\u0131 ve 240 ki\u015fiye yolculuk yasa\u011f\u0131 gelmesi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131\nbir durum. Bir \u015firket, b\u00f6yle bir karar alabilir mi? Me\u015fru\ngerek\u00e7elerle toplanan veri, belirli bir \u015f\u00fcphe, bilimsel olarak\nonaylanm\u0131\u015f bir test ve kurumsal tepki kapasitesi olmadan amac\u0131ndan\nsapabiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nTemas takibi, COVID-19 \u00f6ncesinde de ba\u015fvurulan bir y\u00f6ntemdi. Ama\ng\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir hayli geli\u015fmi\u015f olan g\u00f6zetim altyap\u0131s\u0131yla hem\ntemas hem de karantina takibi daha kolay yap\u0131labiliyor. \u00c7in,\nSingapur ve G\u00fcney Kore’nin mobil teknolojilerle yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n\nizini s\u00fcrmesinden sonra di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde de benzer giri\u015fimler\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. ABD, \u0130srail, Bel\u00e7ika, Pakistan ve Avusturya ilk\nba\u015fta arama kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ba\u015fvurdu. Almanya’da GPS verilerinin\nkullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00fcndeme geldi. Bu \u00f6neriye hem mahremiyet nedeniyle\nitiraz edildi hem de GPS teknolojisinin yetersizli\u011fine dikkat\n\u00e7ekildi\n(https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/will-germans-trade-privacy-for-coronavirus-protection\/a-52943225<\/a>).\nNisan’\u0131n ilk haftas\u0131na gelindi\u011finde yaln\u0131z \u00c7in, Singapur ve\nG\u00fcney Kore de\u011fil, ABD, Almanya, \u0130ran, Kenya, Avustralya, Polonya,\nPakistan, G\u00fcney Afrika ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke de \u00e7e\u015fitli\ng\u00f6zetim ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla s\u00fcreci y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu\n(https:\/\/onezero.medium.com\/the-pandemic-is-a-trojan-horse-for-surveillance-programs-around-the-world-887fa6f12ec9<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nS\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemdeyiz. Normalde teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz reddedilecek\nuygulamalar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rebiliyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131,\nBMO’nun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi , h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin bu s\u00fcreci \u015feffaf y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi\nve amac\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in dikkatli olmak ve kamuoyunda bir\nduyarl\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak gerekiyor.\n(https:\/\/www.bmo.org.tr\/2020\/04\/13\/pandemi-izolasyon-takip-projesinin-amaclari-ve-isleyisi-aciklanmalidir\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nH\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin uygulamalar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok halihaz\u0131rdaki g\u00f6zetim\nkapasitesini kullanma \u00fczerineydi. Fakat g\u00f6zetimin ehli olan iki\n\u015firketin, Google ve Apple’\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131\nduyurmas\u0131yla durum daha endi\u015fe verici olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Google ve\nApple, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin vir\u00fcs\u00fcn yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 takip etmesine\nyard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak amac\u0131yla Bluetooth teknolojisine dayal\u0131 bir\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada bir araya geldiler ve i\u015fletim sistemi d\u00fczeyinde bir\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdular. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ilk s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\nMay\u0131s ay\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanacak. B\u00f6ylece g\u00f6zetim sistemlerini bir \u00fcst\nd\u00fczeye ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f oldular. Art\u0131k g\u00f6zetim i\u00e7in indirilecek ve\nkullan\u0131labilecek bir uygulamadan de\u011fil, ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n\ni\u015fletim sistemine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc olacak bir \u00f6zellikten s\u00f6z ediyoruz.\nDi\u011fer uygulamalar da bu \u00f6zellikten yararlanabilecek. En endi\u015fe\nverici olan ise temas takibinin belirli bir zaman veya COVID-19\ntakibiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmama ihtimali. 11 Eyl\u00fcl’de oldu\u011fu gibi\nola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ola\u011fanla\u015fmas\u0131 ciddi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nABD ve AB’de, teknoloji \u015firketlerinin faaliyetlerinin d\u00fczenlenmesi\ntart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken COVID-19 krizi patlak verdi. 2008 k\u00fcresel ekonomik\nkrizi bu salg\u0131nla daha da derinle\u015fti. Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket iflasa\ns\u00fcr\u00fcklenirken COVID-19 sonras\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ekonomik olarak zor\ng\u00fcnler bekliyor. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te b\u00fcy\u00fck teknoloji \u015firketleri\nkrizden kazan\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\n(https:\/\/sendika63.org\/2020\/04\/teknoloji-firmalari-covid-19u-firsata-cevirdi-benjamin-chin-yee-dillon-wamsley-584061\/<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nAmazon, bir e-ticaret sitesi ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bulut hizmeti\nsa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak (son zamanlar\u0131n iki y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 Zoom ve\nNetflix, Amazon’un bulut hizmetlerinden yararlan\u0131yor) bu krizin\nkazananlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geldi. Ama krizin as\u0131l kazanan\u0131 g\u00f6zetim\nkapitalizmi \u015firketleri oldu (Amazon bu alan\u0131n da \u00f6nde gelen\nakt\u00f6rlerinden!) . ABD’de oldu\u011fu gibi devlet kurumlar\u0131 ile veri\nmadencili\u011fi \u015firketleri aras\u0131nda kurulan i\u015fbirli\u011fi g\u00f6zetim\nsistemlerini daha \u00e7ok geni\u015fletecek ve 11 Eyl\u00fcl’de oldu\u011fu gibi\n\u015firketlere daha geni\u015f bir manevra alan\u0131 do\u011facak. \u0130ngiltere’de\nUlusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetleri sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek ve\nkaynaklar\u0131n e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Palantir (kurucusu,\nTrump’a yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bilinen Peter Thiel), Microsoft ve Amazon’un\nsundu\u011fu hizmetlerden yararlan\u0131yor. Palantir, ABD sa\u011fl\u0131k\nbirimlerine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Clearview A.I gibi veri madencili\u011fi\nstartup’lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra IBM, Google, Facebook ve Amazon gibi\ndevler ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle beraber \u00f6zellikle temas takibi \u00fczerinde\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. Muhtemelen bir s\u00fcredir elde etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck\n\u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdikleri sa\u011fl\u0131k verilerine \u015fimdi daha rahat\neri\u015febilecek ve bu verilerle algoritmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilecekler.\n\u015eimdiye kadar ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimiz \u00e7ok \u015fey var:\nBu i\u015fbirli\u011fi bize genel sa\u011fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, hastan\u0131n\nkar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sigorta \u015firketleri ve insanlar\u0131n\nsa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerine k\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131\n\u00f6n planda tutan hastaneler olarak geri d\u00f6necek! \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nIvan Manokha’n\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u015firketler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerle k\u00e2rl\u0131\nanla\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda son y\u0131llarda bozulan\nimajlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek ve \u00fczerilerindeki ku\u015fkulu g\u00f6zlerden\ns\u0131yr\u0131lmak i\u00e7in tarihi bir f\u0131rsat yakalad\u0131lar\n(https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/can-europe-make-it\/how-data-mining-companies-are-set-gain-covid-19-pandemic\/<\/a>).\nG\u00f6zetim kapitalizmi \u015firketleri, 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Snowden’\u0131n\nif\u015falar\u0131, 2018’de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Cambridge Analytica \/ Facebook\nskandal\u0131, Palantir’in yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\nebeveynlerinin yakalanmas\u0131ndaki rol\u00fc, internetteki foto\u011fraflar\u0131\ntarayarak polisle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan Clearview A.I.’\u0131n faaliyetleri\ngibi imaj zedeleyici olaylardan sonra yitirdikleri me\u015fruiyetlerini\n\u015fimdi tekrar kazanacaklar; insanlar\u0131n verilerini toplay\u0131p paraya\nd\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fi normalle\u015ftirecekler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \n\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131k ve mahremiyet haklar\u0131ndan birini se\u00e7meye\nzorlan\u0131yoruz. 11 Eyl\u00fcl 2001’den sonra oldu\u011fu gibi COVID-19’a kar\u015f\u0131\nm\u00fccadelede baz\u0131 haklar\u0131m\u0131zdan vazge\u00e7memizin gereklili\u011fi \u00f6ne\ns\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u015firketlerin deste\u011fiyle, krizi \u00e7e\u015fitli\nteknolojilerle y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. \u00c7e\u015fitli teknolojik\nara\u00e7larla, kimi zaman yurtta\u015flar\u0131 belirli bir bi\u00e7imde hareket\netmeye y\u00f6nlendiriyor kimi zaman da yurtta\u015flar\u0131 belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlarda\nkalmaya zorluyorlar. Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlukla ilkini tercih\nediyor olmas\u0131 onu \u00c7in\u2019den daha demokratik yapm\u0131yor. \u0130ki sistem\nde yurtta\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve \u015feffafl\u0131k olmaks\u0131z\u0131n suistimale a\u00e7\u0131k\nbi\u00e7imde i\u015fliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nBu nedenle otoriterle\u015fme e\u011filimlerinin artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.\nFakat Evgeny Morozov, 1984 kli\u015felerinin gelmekte olan\u0131\na\u00e7\u0131klayabilmek i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor\n(https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/apr\/15\/tech-coronavirus-surveilance-state-digital-disrupt<\/a>).\nBug\u00fcn \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve dereg\u00fclasyon gibi neoliberal dogmalar\u0131n\nsonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f yaln\u0131z sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemiyle\ns\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Kates Jones\u2019un dedi\u011fi gibi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n vah\u015fi\nya\u015famdan insanlara bula\u015fmas\u0131 \u201cinsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ekonomik geli\u015fiminin\ngizli bir bedeli.\u201d\n(https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2020\/mar\/18\/tip-of-the-iceberg-is-our-destruction-of-nature-responsible-for-covid-19-aoe<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nMorozov neoliberalizmi, Thatcher’dan bu yana, ba\u015fka se\u00e7ene\u011fimizin\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen kapitalizmin k\u00f6t\u00fc polisi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor\nve bu hikayedeki iyi polisin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck ideolojisi oldu\u011funu\nvurguluyor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn temelinde teknolojinin toplumsal\nsorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler getirebilece\u011fi ve daha iyi bir hayat\nsunabilece\u011fi inanc\u0131 yat\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck, sorunun kendisini\netrafl\u0131ca tart\u0131\u015fmak yerine \u00e7o\u011funlukla sorunu varsay\u0131yor,\nvarsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu\nyakla\u015f\u0131m, sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek bir yana yeni sorunlara neden oluyor.\nMorozov, Silikon Vadisi’nde ye\u015feren bu ideolojinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\ny\u00f6netici elitlerin sorunlara yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da \u015fekillendirdi\u011fini\nbelirtiyor. Y\u00f6netici elitler yine alternatifimizin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve\nyapabilece\u011fimiz en iyi \u015feyin sorunlar\u0131n \u00fczerini dijital yara\nbantlar\u0131yla kapatmak oldu\u011funa inanmam\u0131z\u0131 istiyor. B\u00f6ylece\npolitik tart\u0131\u015fmalardan ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131l\u0131yor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nNeoliberalizm ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki\nvar. Her ikisi de daha fazla rekabet ama daha az dayan\u0131\u015fma, daha\nfazla yarat\u0131c\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m ama daha az h\u00fck\u00fcmet planlamas\u0131, daha\nfazla pazar ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ama daha az refah istiyorlar. Morozov,\nkom\u00fcnizmin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini\nkolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen dijital teknolojilerin yeni bir engel\nyaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor: B\u00fcy\u00fck veri ve YZ, kendili\u011finden piyasa\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131 etkinlikleri desteklemiyor fakat \u00fcretimin\notomatikle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, teknolojinin herkes i\u00e7in genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve\ne\u011fitimin temelini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, k\u0131sacas\u0131 refah\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\nneoliberalizm sonras\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 hayal etmeyi kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.\nAncak neoliberalizmin b\u00fct\u00e7eleri k\u0131smas\u0131 gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck de\nkamusal hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131yor. Piyasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve dayan\u0131\u015fma\ntemelli giri\u015fimler daha prototip a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcyor. Morozov,\nson 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r, bir ba\u015fka Wikipedia g\u00f6remememizin nedensiz\nolmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nSon y\u0131llarda, start-up\u2019<\/em>lara ve giri\u015fimcilere a\u00e7\u0131k,\nyurtta\u015flar\u0131n sadece t\u00fcketici olarak var olabildi\u011fi bir dijital\nd\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekiliyoruz. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck, neoliberalizmin\nb\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden devam ediyor; hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda temel\nhaklara sahip yurtta\u015f\u0131n yerini dijital platformlardaki hizmet\nsa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lara not veya \u201cbe\u011fen\u201d vererek belirli bir bi\u00e7imde\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlayan (ya daha do\u011frusu zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen)\nt\u00fcketiciler al\u0131yor. Sorunlar\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerine inen, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\nkat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla toplum ve \u00e7evre yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten politikalar\nolu\u015fturmak yerine bir uygulamayla sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, ula\u015f\u0131m, \u00e7evre\nkirlili\u011fi vb. sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fimize inanmam\u0131z isteniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \nSorun, sa\u011fl\u0131k ya da mahremiyet aras\u0131nda bir se\u00e7im yapmak veya\nsalg\u0131nla m\u00fccadelede teknolojiye ba\u015fvurup ya da ba\u015fvurmamak de\u011fil.\nTeknoloji, ancak genel bir sa\u011fl\u0131k politikas\u0131n\u0131n (buna e\u011fitim,\nula\u015f\u0131m, ileti\u015fim, enerji gibi alanlar\u0131 da ekleyebiliriz) onunla\nuyumlu bir bile\u015feni oldu\u011funda anlaml\u0131 hale geliyor. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck,\nteknolojiyi piyasan\u0131n dar alan\u0131na hapsederek toplumun genel\nyarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeten \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve hayata\nge\u00e7irilmesini engelliyor. \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \n\u015eimdi, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorunlar\u0131n k\u00f6kenlerini tart\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\ndiye kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan uygulamalar\u0131n bu sorunlara\nuygunlu\u011funu sorgulama ve en \u00f6nemlisi de \u201c\u00fcretimin\notomatikle\u015ftirildi\u011fi, teknolojinin herkes i\u00e7in genel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve\ne\u011fitimin temelini olu\u015fturdu\u011fu, k\u0131sacas\u0131 refah\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\nneoliberalizm sonras\u0131 bir d\u00fcnyay\u0131 hayal etmenin\u201d ve dijital\nplatformlarda halk\u0131n s\u00f6z, yetki ve karar hakk\u0131n\u0131 talep etmenin\nzaman\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Amazon,\nGoogle, Apple, Microsoft…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bizleri\nnas\u0131l kurtar\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bizleri\nkurtaracak olan \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kendi\nplatformlar\u0131m\u0131zd\u0131r…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri dijital teknolojilerin g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fama etkilerini, olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. Dijitalle\u015fme ya\u015fam\u0131n her bir alan\u0131n\u0131 etkiliyor ama eski kurumlar\u0131 ve ili\u015fkileri bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da ortadan kald\u0131rarak yerine dijitalini koymak her zaman o kadar kolay olmuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin yeni dijital teknolojiler uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eirketler, son y\u0131llarda bunun \u00fczerinde daha \u00e7ok duruyorlar. Bir s\u00fcredir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerindeki i\u015fverenleri ve i\u015f\u00e7ileri bir araya getiren dijital platformlar ucuz, esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu gibi platformlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015firket \u00e7e\u015fitli denemelerle uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olurlarsa ofisleri kapatarak veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek tasarruf sa\u011flamak; ama daha \u00f6nemlisi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,163,14,1,298],"tags":[369,370,371,372],"class_list":["post-712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gozetim","category-guvenlik","category-mahremiyet","category-uncategorized","category-yapay-zeka","tag-covid-19","tag-pandemi","tag-saglik","tag-temas-takibi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/712","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=712"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/712\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":713,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/712\/revisions\/713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=712"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=712"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yarimada.gen.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=712"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u015eirketler,\nB\u00fcy\u00fck Veri ve Yapay Zeka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Temas\nTakibi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kapitalizmin Yeni Y\u00fcz\u00fc: Teknolojik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmc\u00fcl\u00fck<\/h3>\n\n\n\n